Influence of Data Analytics on The National Security Strategy Formulation Process in Kenya

• Kodheck Zachary Makori

  Kenya Defence Forces

  Author

• Martine Odhiambo Oleche

  University of Nairobi

  Author

• James Kimuyu

  National Defence University - Kenya

  Author

This study investigates the application of data analytics techniques in the formulation process of National Security Strategies (NSS) in Kenya, examining its influence and strategies for enhancement. The research is grounded in open systems theory (OST), which conceptualises the NSS formulation process as a dynamic system interacting with its environment. The study used a descriptive research design to collect primary data through closed-ended questionnaires from key stakeholders in Kenya’s national security organs and agencies. The data analysis, employing both descriptive and inferential statistics, revealed a significant positive correlation between data analytics and the NSS process. Key findings indicate that despite this positive correlation, the utilisation of data analytics is minimal due to limited proficiency among personnel and inadequate formal training. Integrating data analytics into the NSS process enhances environmental scanning, real-time monitoring of security threats, technological advancements, and socio-political dynamics. Challenges identified include a lack of skilled professionals, insufficient data infrastructure, and poor inter-ministerial collaboration. Recommendations to overcome these challenges include government incentives, regulatory clarity, the establishment of Data Analytics Centres of Excellence, investments in modern data infrastructure, comprehensive training initiatives, awareness campaigns, and partnerships with academia and industry. The study concludes that integrating data analytics into Kenya’s NSS formulation process is essential for improving the effectiveness and responsiveness of national security strategies to address evolving security challenges. This integration demands adaptive policies, informed decision-making, and a paradigm shift in NSS formulation to leverage data analytics capabilities fully.

1. Kodheck Zachary Makori, Kenya Defence Forces

   Kodheck Zachary Makori is a dynamic data analyst and scholar specializing in national security and cybersecurity. He is a student affiliated with the University of Nairobi and the Kenya Defence Forces. Makori combines academic rigor with real-world data insights to support strategic decision-making in the security sector.

2. Martine Odhiambo Oleche, University of Nairobi

   Martine Oleche holds a Doctor of Philosophy Degree in Economics from the University of Nairobi. He is a Senior Lecturer and Chairman of the Department of Economics and Development Studies at the University of Nairobi, specializing in Development Economics, Health Economics, and Economic Policy Analysis. Prior to his current role, he worked at The National Treasury and Economic Planning, focusing on Economic Policy matters. Martine has also conducted training for various government institutions.

3. James Kimuyu, National Defence University - Kenya

   Col. (Dr.) James J. Kimuyu is an experienced cybersecurity and national security expert. He previously worked as a Senior Lecturer and Head of Research at the Centre for Security and Strategic Studies at Kenya's National Defence University. Dr. Kimuyu has a PhD and MSc in Information Systems, a BSc in Information Sciences, and postgraduate degrees in Strategic Studies, Command and Staff, and Senior Leadership. With more than 23 years of experience in military, ICT, policy, and cybercrime strategy, he brings a depth of practical and academic knowledge. His study focuses on the use of ICT to address defense, national security, and human security concerns. He also frequently speaks at international conferences on cyber resilience and local cyber sector development.

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